Health

Translated by Esther Woo

Women going through menopause experience a variety of physiological and psychological changes, which can lead to several health issues. One common but frequently overlooked problem is urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs, primarily caused by bacteria, become more prevalent and troubling as women undergo menopause due to hormonal changes and immune system adjustments.
 
The Connection Between Menopause and UTIs

Menopause is a significant phase in a woman’s life, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. As menopause approaches, ovarian function gradually declines, and estrogen levels drop significantly. The reduction in estrogen profoundly affects  the female reproductive and urinary systems. Estrogen deficiency causes the mucous membranes of the urethra and vagina to thin, making these areas more susceptible to infections. Additionally, pelvic floor muscle atrophy and weakened bladder control further increase the risk of UTIs.
 

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of UTIs in menopausal women may include:

• Frequent and urgent urination: The need to urinate frequently, even with a small amount of urine in the bladder.
• Difficult and painful urination: A burning sensation or pain during and after urination.
• Abnormal urine: The presence of blood, changes in color, or unusual odor in urine.
• Pressure and discomfort in the pelvic area: Some women may feel pressure or mild pain in the pelvic region.

Diagnosing a UTI typically involves urinalysis to detect white blood cells and bacteria in the urine. Doctors often request urine culture tests to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and select the most effective antibiotic treatment.
 
Treatment and Management

The primary methods for treating UTIs in menopausal women include medication and lifestyle changes. Doctors will select appropriate antibiotics based on urine culture results to determine the best course of treatment.  If left untreated, UTIs can lead to more severe complications. Elderly individuals should be particularly cautious as weaker immune systems make them more susceptible to infections. Seek medical consultation promptly if UTI symptoms occur to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
 
Preventive Measures

In addition to medication, maintaining good lifestyle habits is crucial for preventing and managing UTIs:

• Personal hygiene: Clean the external genital area daily, avoiding scented and irritating cleansing products

• Hydration: As people age, their sense of thirst diminishes, and may tend to drink less trying to avoid frequent bathroom trips due to mobility issues. Staying well-hydrated helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing infection risks.

• Appropriate clothing: Wear breathable cotton underwear, avoid tight pants and synthetic materials to reduce friction and a damp environment.

• Regular urination: Do not hold urine for extended periods; maintain a regular urination schedule to keep the bladder and urethra clean.

• Balanced diet: Consume a diet rich in minerals to boost the immune system. Probiotics help maintain a healthy microbial balance, improve digestion, and boost immunity, indirectly reducing the occurrence of UTIs.
  • Vitamin C, known for its antioxidant properties, found in most vegetables and fruits, enhances the body’s infection-fighting ability. Studies indicate that Vitamin C effectively protects mucous membranes, making it harder for harmful bacteria to survive, thus reducing bacterial levels in the urinary tract.

• Moderate exercise: Regular exercise improves blood circulation and strengthens pelvic floor muscles, reducing the risk of UTIs.

• Stress management: Stress can weaken the  immune system, so women should practise effective stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation.

 
Psychological and Emotional Support

Menopause is a transitional period in a woman's life that involves not only physiological changes but also psychological and emotional fluctuations. Health issues such as UTIs can add extra stress and anxiety. Therefore, understanding and support from family and friends, as well as professional counseling, are crucial for helping women cope with the challenges of menopause.
 

Related websites / articles：